Ожирение как фактор онкологического риска. Обзор литературы

Журнал "Медицинский совет" №4, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2019-4-94-102

Салухов В.В., Кадин Д.В., Федеральное государственное бюджетное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации

Ожирение становится все более распространенным и проявляет себя как фактор риска многих неинфекционных заболеваний. За последние десятилетия получены значительные массивы информации относительно связи ожирения с риском развития некоторых злокачественных новообразований, в особенности желудочно-кишечного тракта и женской половой системы. В данной обзорной статье обсуждаются вопросы достоверности имеющихся статистических данных, влияние типа опухоли, возрастных и гендерных особенностей на онкологический риск, освещаются традиционные и перспективные гипотезы о возможной роли ожирения в онкогенезе. В сжатом виде представлены сведения о влиянии ожирения на течение развившейся онкопатологии и о роли снижения массы тела в снижении онкологического риска.

Obesity as an oncological risk factor. Literature review

Vladimir V. Salukhov, Dmitry V. Kadin, Federal State Budgetary Military Educational Institution of Higher Education Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Obesity is becoming increasingly common and is becoming a risk factor for many non-communicable diseases. Over the past decades, considerable information has been gathered on the relationship between obesity and the risk of certain malignant neoplasms, particularly the gastrointestinal tract and the female genital system. This review article discusses the reliability of available statistical data, the impact of the type of tumor, age and gender peculiarities on cancer risk, highlights traditional and prospective hypotheses about the possible role of obesity in oncogenesis. The data on the influence of obesity on the course of developed oncopathology and the role of weight loss in reducing cancer risk are presented in a concise form.

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